27. How are the interests of data holders protected?

The interests of data holders are protected in various ways. The following are four examples.

• The Data Act limits the scope of data which is subject to mandatory sharing obligations under Chapter II to raw and pre-processed data. This minimises adverse effects on data-related investments and on the protection of trade secrets or IPR.

• Specific provisions address the situation where data requested by the user are considered trade secrets by the data holder/trade secrets holder or where the use of data is linked to considerable safety risks.

• Data access from connected products under the Data Act cannot be used to develop a competing product.

• The data holder is able to request compensation from third parties (when prompted by the user to share data), or from data recipients (when there is a legal data-sharing obligation).