52. Which services are excluded from the scope of Chapter VI?

Articles 23-32 and 34-35 of the Data Act apply to providers of data processing services. The definition of a data processing service is laid down in Article 2(8) and mirrors common definitions of cloud computing services. The concept is designed to cover the popular delivery models - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) - while also remaining open to technological innovation. Article 31 introduces a specific regime for (i) data processing services that are custom-built and not offered on a broad commercial scale and (ii) for data processing services that are provided as a testing/beta version. However, this does not mean that custom-built services are fully excluded from the scope of Chapter VI. The provisions not listed in Article 31(1) still apply. For example, providers of such services must make open interfaces available and ensure that data are exported in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format.